Gobernanza del Ártico y derechos indígenas: extractivismo, cambio climático y aplicación de los Principios Rectores de la ONU

Resumen

El Ártico vive una fase crítica marcada por el rápido cambio climático, nuevas tensiones geopolíticas y una expansión extractiva ligada tanto a combustibles fósiles como a minerales esenciales para la transición energética. Los pueblos indígenas (sámi, inuit, gwich’in) sufren simultáneamente la degradación ambiental y la presión industrial sobre sus territorios y culturas. Este artículo analiza conflictos emblemáticos y la aplicación de los Principios Rectores de la ONU, evidenciando deficiencias en consulta, consentimiento y reparación. Concluye que el futuro ártico requiere modelos de cogobernanza que integren saberes indígenas, justicia climática y una transición energética justa y no colonial.

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